naruszajcych

Naruszających is the present participle form of the Polish verb naruszać (to violate, infringe). It functions as an adjective or as part of a nominal phrase describing those who breach rules, regulations, or obligations. The form is used mainly in formal and legal contexts to refer to infringers or violators indirectly, without naming them directly.

Grammatically, naruszających comes from the imperfective stem narusz- with the participle ending -ających, which marks masculine personal plural or a genitive plural form in a phrase. For example, in the noun phrase osoby naruszających prawo, it describes “persons infringing the law.” The participle agrees with the modifying noun in case, number, and gender, and it can appear in various cases beyond the genitive plural, depending on the syntactic role in the sentence.

Usage and nuance. Naruszających is common in legal, administrative, and compliance language. It is often used to identify conduct or groups whose actions breach contractual terms, regulatory requirements, or rights. As a translation, naruszających is frequently rendered as “infringing” or “violators” (in a broader sense), though actual translation depends on the surrounding noun and case.

Examples. Osób naruszających prawo wszczęto postępowanie. (Legal proceedings were opened against persons infringing the law.) Środki będą skierowane do firm naruszających warunki umowy. (Measures will be directed at firms infringing the terms of the contract.) The term emphasizes ongoing or habitual violation rather than a single isolated act.