nanofiltracija

Nanofiltracija is a membrane filtration process that uses semipermeable membranes with pore sizes in the nanometer range, typically between 1 and 10 nanometers. This level of filtration allows for the separation of molecules and particles based on their size and, to some extent, their charge. Nanofiltration membranes are generally considered to be finer than microfiltration and ultrafiltration but coarser than reverse osmosis membranes.

The primary application of nanofiltration lies in water treatment. It is effective at removing divalent ions, such as calcium and magnesium, which are responsible for water hardness. This makes nanofiltration a popular choice for softening water and producing high-quality water for industrial processes, such as food and beverage production and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It can also remove pesticides, herbicides, and other organic contaminants from water.

Beyond water treatment, nanofiltration finds use in various other industries. In the dairy industry, it is employed for concentrating milk proteins and lactose. It is also utilized in the pharmaceutical sector for the purification and separation of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In the chemical industry, nanofiltration can be used for product recovery and solvent exchange. The energy consumption of nanofiltration is typically lower than that of reverse osmosis, making it a more cost-effective solution for certain separation tasks.