mükorrhiza

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. The name comes from the Greek words "mykes" meaning fungus and "rhiza" meaning root. This mutualistic relationship benefits both the fungus and the plant.

The fungus, which is a network of fine threads called hyphae, extends far beyond the reach of the plant's root system into the soil. Through these hyphae, the fungus can absorb water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil that the plant would otherwise struggle to access. The fungus then transfers these essential resources to the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates, such as sugars produced during photosynthesis, which the fungus cannot produce itself.

There are several types of mycorrhizae, with the two most common being ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the root tip, while endomycorrhizae penetrate the plant's root cells. This symbiotic partnership is crucial for the health and growth of most terrestrial plants, playing a vital role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. It is estimated that over 90% of plant species form mycorrhizal associations.