mõjat

Májat is the Hungarian term for the liver, the largest internal organ and a central gland in humans and many vertebrates. It lies mostly in the right upper abdomen, beneath the diaphragm, and is partially protected by the lower ribs. In humans it is divided into right and left lobes, with smaller caudate and quadrate lobes, and is connected to the gallbladder via the biliary tree. The liver has a dual blood supply: the hepatic artery provides oxygenated blood and the portal vein delivers nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract. Hepatic lobules, the organ’s functional units, contain hepatocytes that process nutrients, detoxify substances and produce bile, which drains through bile canaliculi into the bile ducts.

Functions include metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; storage of glycogen, vitamins and iron; synthesis of plasma proteins such as albumin and clotting factors; detoxification of drugs and toxins; bile production for digestion; and immune roles via Kupffer cells.

Regeneration capacity is notable; the liver can restore tissue after injury.

Clinical relevance: Common liver diseases include viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Symptoms may be vague; signs include jaundice and right upper-quadrant discomfort. Evaluation uses liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin) and imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI); biopsy may be used in uncertain cases. Treatment depends on the condition and may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or liver transplantation in severe cases.