mágnesekben

Mágnesekben is a Hungarian term that translates to "in magnets" or "within magnets." It refers to the physical principles and phenomena that occur inside magnetic materials. When we talk about what happens in magnets, we are typically discussing the behavior of magnetic domains, the alignment of atomic magnetic moments, and the resulting magnetic field.

The fundamental source of magnetism in most materials is the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment of electrons, which arises from their spin and orbital motion. In ferromagnetic materials, like iron, nickel, and cobalt, these atomic magnetic moments can align spontaneously within small regions called magnetic domains. Even in an unmagnetized piece of ferromagnetic material, these domains exist, but their magnetic moments are randomly oriented, resulting in no net external magnetic field.

When a magnetizing field is applied, these domains tend to align with the external field. The stronger the applied field, the more domains align, and the stronger the resulting magnetic field of the magnet. Permanent magnets are materials where this alignment persists even after the external field is removed. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials also exhibit magnetic properties, but their behavior is different. In paramagnetic materials, atomic moments align weakly with an external field, while in diamagnetic materials, they align in opposition to the field. The study of these phenomena within magnets is crucial for understanding electromagnetism and developing various magnetic technologies.