mycoparasite

A mycoparasite is a fungus that feeds on other fungi. This parasitic relationship is common in nature and plays a significant role in regulating fungal populations in various ecosystems, including soil and plant tissues. Mycoparasites can target specific fungal species or a range of hosts. Their mechanisms of parasitism vary, but often involve the secretion of enzymes to break down the host fungus's cell walls and membranes, allowing the mycoparasite to absorb nutrients.

The interaction between a mycoparasite and its host can range from mild antagonism to the complete destruction of the host. Some mycoparasites are highly specialized, infecting only a single species of fungus, while others are more generalist, able to parasitize a variety of fungal hosts. This specificity is often determined by the chemical signals released by the host fungus, which attract or repel the mycoparasite.

In agricultural settings, some mycoparasites are being explored and utilized as biological control agents. By preying on pathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases, these beneficial fungi can help reduce crop losses and the need for chemical fungicides. Examples of mycoparasites include species within the genera Trichoderma, Gliocladium, and Calcarisporium. Their study is important for understanding fungal ecology and for developing sustainable agricultural practices.