musclerelaxing

Muscle relaxing, or muscle relaxants, refers to therapies that reduce skeletal muscle tension, spasm, or stiffness. The term covers pharmacological drugs and nonpharmacological approaches. In practice, these treatments aim to relieve acute musculoskeletal pain or stiffness and, for some agents, to address spasticity from neurologic conditions.

Pharmacologic relaxants are divided into central acting drugs and peripheral agents. Central agents such as cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, orphenadrine, baclofen, tizanidine, and diazepam dampen motor reflexes at the brain or spinal cord. Peripheral options include dantrolene, which reduces calcium release in muscle cells, and botulinum toxin injections that block acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction.

Indications include acute muscle spasm from strain or injury and certain forms of spasticity from conditions like multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury. Most pharmacologic relaxants are intended for short-term use and are often combined with physical therapy, stretching, and activity modification.

Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and dry mouth. Some drugs carry risks of liver injury, low blood pressure, confusion, or weakness. Alcohol and other sedatives can amplify sedation. Dosing should be individualized and monitored, particularly in older adults or those with liver or kidney disease.

Nonpharmacologic strategies such as heat or cold therapy, targeted stretching, physical therapy, massage, relaxation techniques, posture training, and ergonomic adjustments support muscle relaxation and function and are often used alongside medication.