muotoillisiin

Muotoillisiin is a Finnish grammatical term referring to participles that have been declined in a way that allows them to function as adjectives or nouns. These participles retain some verb-like qualities, such as tense and voice, but also acquire noun-like or adjective-like functions, allowing them to be modified by adverbs and agree with other sentence elements in number and case.

There are two main types of muotoillisiin: the active participle and the passive participle. Active participles, often ending in -va/-vä or -nut/-nyt, describe an action being performed by the subject. For example, in the sentence "juokseva poika" (running boy), "juokseva" is an active participle used as an adjective. Passive participles, typically ending in -ttu/-tty or -tu/-ty, describe an action being done to the object. An example is "luettu kirja" (read book), where "luettu" functions adjectivally.

These declined participles can also be nominalized, meaning they can stand alone as nouns. For instance, "lukenut" (one who has read) can function as a noun referring to a reader. The specific endings and their usage depend on the verb's conjugation and the desired grammatical function within the sentence. Understanding muotoillisiin is crucial for comprehending the nuanced use of participles in Finnish grammar.