muntligt

Muntligt is a Swedish term that functions as an adverb meaning "in spoken form" or "orally." It describes actions carried out by speech rather than in writing. The related adjective is muntlig, used to describe a noun (for example, ett muntligt prov or en muntlig redovisning). The corresponding adverbial form is muntligt, used to modify verbs or verb phrases (for example, presentera muntligt, redovisa muntligt).

In grammar, muntligt is the neuter adverb form, while muntlig is the attributive adjective form. The root of the word is mun, meaning mouth, with the standard Swedish suffixes that form adjectives and adverbs. The pair muntligt/muntlig is common in educational, professional, and everyday language to distinguish spoken from written forms.

Common usages and contexts include education, where exams or presentations can be described as muntlig or skriftlig (oral versus written). In higher education, students may take a muntlig tentamen (oral exam) or submit assignments that are skriftliga. In professional and legal contexts, muntlig agreements or muntliga redovisningar are contrasted with written documents or records, though the enforceability and evidentiary weight of verbal commitments can vary by jurisdiction and situation.

Overall, muntligt denotes the spoken dimension of communication, contrasting with written forms and other modalities of information exchange.