mulliontransom

A mullion is a vertical bar, typically of stone or metal, that divides a window or other opening into two or more sections. A transom is a horizontal bar that divides a window or other opening into two or more sections, or that separates a door from a window above it. Together, mullions and transoms form a grid-like structure that can be used to create a variety of window designs.

Mullion and transom systems are commonly found in traditional architecture, such as Gothic cathedrals and Renaissance palaces. They were used to create large, complex window openings that would have been impossible to construct with single panes of glass. The use of mullions and transoms also allowed for greater structural integrity and provided a decorative element. In modern architecture, mullions and transoms are still used, but they are often made of aluminum or steel and may be used to create more contemporary designs. They can be used to subdivide large glass curtain walls, creating visual interest and breaking up monolithic facades. The spacing and proportion of mullions and transoms can significantly impact the aesthetic of a building. They can also serve functional purposes, such as providing support for glass panels or facilitating ventilation. The design and placement of these elements are important considerations in architectural planning and execution.