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Mullateadus, also known as soil science, is the scientific study of soil. It encompasses the processes of soil formation, soil classification, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology, and soil fertility. Mullateadlased investigate the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils, aiming to understand how soils function and how they interact with their environment. This field is crucial for agriculture, forestry, environmental management, and land use planning.

The study of soil formation, or pedogenesis, examines the various factors that contribute to the development of soil profiles over time, including climate, parent material, topography, organisms, and time. Soil classification systems, such as the USDA soil taxonomy or the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, group soils based on their properties and formation processes, allowing for consistent communication and understanding among scientists and practitioners.

Soil physics deals with the physical properties of soil, such as texture, structure, density, water retention, and aeration, which influence plant growth and environmental processes. Soil chemistry focuses on the chemical composition of soil, including mineralogy, organic matter content, nutrient availability, and pH, all of which impact soil fertility and environmental interactions. Soil biology investigates the diverse array of living organisms within the soil, from microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to larger invertebrates, and their roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and soil structure. Understanding these interconnected aspects of mullateadus is vital for sustainable land management and addressing global challenges related to food security and environmental health.