mufti

**Mufti**

In Islamic jurisprudence, a mufti is a qualified Islamic scholar who provides legal opinions, known as *fatwas*, on religious matters. The term derives from the Arabic word *mufti*, meaning "one who is exempted" or "one who is relieved," referring to the scholar’s authority to issue rulings without being bound by the same strict interpretations as a *qadi* (judge). Muftis are typically recognized for their expertise in *fiqh* (Islamic jurisprudence), often specializing in specific branches such as *fiqh al-jihad* (justice in warfare) or *fiqh al-sharia* (general Islamic law).

The role of a mufti varies by region and context. In some countries, they serve as advisors to governments or religious authorities, offering guidance on laws that may intersect with Islamic principles. In others, they operate independently, providing personal or community-based *fatwas* to individuals seeking clarification on religious obligations, such as prayer times, fasting, or halal practices. Muftis may also address contemporary issues, including modern ethics, science, or social justice, ensuring their rulings remain relevant.

While muftis are not legally bound like judges, their opinions carry significant weight within Islamic communities. They often consult with scholars from different *madhabs* (schools of thought) to ensure balanced and nuanced rulings. The process of issuing a *fatwa* typically involves careful consideration of historical precedents, textual evidence, and contextual factors. Some muftis are affiliated with institutions like the *Dar al-Ifta* (Islamic legal authority), which issues widely recognized rulings.

In practice, the term *mufti* can also refer to a person who wears traditional Islamic attire, particularly in South Asia, where it denotes someone of modest means or a religious figure. However, in a legal or scholarly context, it strictly refers to an expert in Islamic law.