mucilagia

Mucilages are a group of complex carbohydrates, specifically polysaccharides, that are produced by plants and certain microorganisms. They are known for their ability to absorb and retain large amounts of water, forming a viscous or gelatinous substance. This characteristic property is due to their molecular structure, which often includes long chains of sugar units with many hydroxyl groups.

In plants, mucilages are found in various tissues, including seeds, roots, stems, and leaves. Their functions are diverse and crucial for the plant's survival and growth. For example, in seeds, mucilages on the seed coat help in water absorption, which is essential for germination. They can also form a protective layer that deters pathogens or aids in seed dispersal by adhering to the fur of animals. In some plants, mucilages act as a storage reserve of nutrients.

Microbial mucilages play roles in biofilm formation, cell-to-cell communication, and protection from environmental stresses like desiccation or phagocytosis. Industrially, mucilages are valued for their gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties. They are used in food products as thickeners and emulsifiers, in pharmaceuticals as binders and disintegrants in tablets, and in cosmetics for their moisturizing effects. Examples of common mucilaginous plants include flaxseed, chia seeds, and psyllium.