morfologia

Morfologia (morphology) refers to the study of form and structure in different domains. In linguistics, morphology analyzes the internal structure of words, identifying morphemes, the smallest meaningful units, and how they combine to form words through roots and affixes. It distinguishes inflectional morphology, which encodes grammatical information, from derivational morphology, which creates new words. Morphemes may have allomorphs depending on phonological context. Morphology interacts with phonology and syntax in morphophonology and morphosyntax. Languages vary in how much they rely on affixes: isolating languages use few affixes; agglutinative languages stack clear morphemes; fusional languages fuse multiple meanings into single affixes.

In biology, morphology studies the form and structure of organisms and their parts, including external appearance and internal anatomy. It supports taxonomy, systematics, and evolutionary studies by comparing shapes, sizes, and structures across species. Methods include comparative anatomy, morphometrics, developmental biology (morphogenesis), and imaging. Morphology also plays a role in embryology, functional biology, and anthropology, where skeletal and soft-tissue configurations are analyzed. The term is used across fields and can be combined with genetics and ecology to understand phenotypic variation.