monoooksydazy

Monoamine oxidase, often abbreviated as MAO, is a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of amines, particularly monoamines. These enzymes are found in various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, liver, and intestines. MAO plays a crucial role in the breakdown of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. It also metabolizes dietary amines, such as tyramine, found in aged cheeses and certain beverages.

There are two primary isoforms of monoamine oxidase: MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A preferentially metabolizes serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, while MAO-B primarily targets dopamine and phenylethylamine. Both isoforms are found in the liver, but their distribution in the brain differs. MAO-A is concentrated in the gut and placenta, while MAO-B is more abundant in the brain, specifically in astrocytes.

Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, known as MAO inhibitors (MAOIs), are a class of drugs used primarily as antidepressants. By inhibiting the activity of MAO, these drugs increase the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression. However, MAOIs can have significant drug and food interactions, particularly with tyramine-rich foods, due to the potential for hypertensive crisis. This necessitates careful dietary restrictions and medical supervision for individuals taking MAOIs.