monoaminoksidazës

Monoaminoksidaza, commonly abbreviated as MAO, refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of amines. These enzymes are crucial for the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, as well as various other monoamine compounds found in the body. MAO exists in two primary forms, MAO-A and MAO-B, which differ in their substrate specificity and distribution within the body.

MAO-A is predominantly found in the intestines, liver, and also in monoaminergic neurons. It is particularly effective at metabolizing serotonin, melatonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. MAO-B, on the other hand, is more concentrated in the brain, particularly in platelets and astrocytes, and is primarily responsible for the breakdown of dopamine and phenethylamine.

Inhibition of MAO enzymes has significant pharmacological implications. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that work by preventing the action of MAO. Historically, MAOIs were among the first antidepressants developed. They are also used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, particularly MAO-B inhibitors, which can help increase dopamine levels in the brain. However, MAOIs can have serious side effects, including interactions with certain foods and medications, necessitating careful patient monitoring and dietary restrictions.