mongo

Mongo, short for MongoDB, is a cross-platform document-oriented database program. It stores data as BSON documents within collections, providing a flexible schema that allows fields to vary between documents and evolve over time. This model is well suited to applications requiring rapid iterative development and the ability to model hierarchical data with nested documents and arrays.

Data is indexed to support efficient queries. MongoDB supports a rich query language and an Aggregation Framework for data processing and transformation. It also includes GridFS for storing and retrieving large files. The engine uses storage engines such as WiredTiger (default since 3.2) with features like journaling and compression. MongoDB supports multi-document ACID transactions starting with version 4.0 in replica sets and later across sharded clusters in 4.2+. It aims to offer strong consistency within read preferences and configurable durability.

Architecture and deployment: MongoDB scales horizontally through sharding; data is partitioned across shards, with config servers keeping metadata and mongos query routers acting as endpoints for client applications. Replica sets provide high availability through automatic failover and backups. MongoDB Atlas is the managed cloud service offered by MongoDB, Inc.

Ecosystem and use: it has drivers for many programming languages and a broad ecosystem of tools for administration, monitoring, and data pipelines. Common use cases include content management, catalog and inventory systems, real-time analytics, and mobile or IoT applications. It is not a relational database and may require denormalization and careful data modeling.

History: originated as a project by 10gen, later renamed MongoDB, Inc., with ongoing development and community contributions.