monetáriskamatpolitikához

Monetáriskamat, or monetary interest rates, refer to the rates set by a central bank that influence the cost of borrowing and lending money within an economy. These rates are a primary tool of monetary policy, used to manage inflation, stimulate economic growth, or cool down an overheated economy.

The most prominent monetary interest rate is typically the policy rate, often referred to as the benchmark rate or base rate. When a central bank raises this rate, it becomes more expensive for commercial banks to borrow money from the central bank. This increased cost is then usually passed on to consumers and businesses in the form of higher interest rates on loans, mortgages, and credit cards. Conversely, a lower policy rate makes borrowing cheaper, encouraging spending and investment.

The effects of changes in monetary interest rates ripple through the economy. Higher rates can dampen consumer demand and business investment, potentially slowing down inflation but also risking slower economic growth. Lower rates can stimulate these activities, boosting economic growth but potentially leading to higher inflation. Central banks carefully monitor economic indicators to determine the appropriate level for monetary interest rates to achieve their mandated objectives.