modstået

Modstået is the past participle of the Danish verb modstå, meaning to resist or withstand. In modern Danish it is used in perfect tenses with auxiliary verbs such as har or er, and it can also function as an adjective in passive or participial constructions. For example, jeg har modstået fristelsen (I have resisted the temptation), or fristelsen blev modstået (the temptation was resisted). The form is fixed as modstået in these contexts.

Etymology and form: modstå is built from the preposition mod (against) and the verb stå (to stand), with influences going back to Old Danish and Old Norse. The past participle follows the common Danish pattern for strong and mixed verbs, yielding modstået. The simple past tense is modstod, while the supine is not typically used in modern Danish; the participle modstået is what appears in perfect and passive constructions.

Usage notes: modstået is more common in written or formal Danish than in everyday speech, where speakers often use antonyms or other phrases such as holde stand or give in, depending on context. The participle should be distinguished from the noun modstand (resistance) and related terms, which denote the concept rather than the grammatical form. In attributive use, the participle is usually linked to a noun by the surrounding verb phrase, rather than standing alone as a noun.

See also: modstand, modstandskraft, modståelse as related concepts in resistance and withstand. In summary, modstået is the standard past participle form of modstå, used to describe actions or states of resisting in Danish.