miðöld

Miðöld is the Icelandic word for the Middle Ages, a broad historical period in European history. It typically spans from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 15th century CE. This era is often characterized by feudalism, the dominance of the Catholic Church, and significant cultural and technological developments.

Within Icelandic history, the term miðöld specifically refers to the period following the end of the Viking Age and the establishment of the Icelandic Commonwealth, around 930 CE, and continuing through to the union with Norway in the early 13th century. This era saw the development of Icelandic law, the introduction of Christianity, and the flourishing of Old Norse literature, including the sagas. The Alþingi, one of the world's oldest parliamentary institutions, was founded during this time.

The miðöld in Iceland was a unique period marked by its decentralized governance and a strong sense of community. While influenced by broader European trends, Iceland maintained distinct cultural and political traditions. The literary output of this period remains a significant part of world heritage, offering invaluable insights into the society, beliefs, and daily lives of medieval Icelanders.