mitralklaffstenose

Mitralklaffstenose refers to the narrowing of the mitral valve, one of the four valves in the heart. This valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. When the mitral valve narrows, it obstructs the flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This increased resistance can lead to a buildup of pressure in the left atrium and the pulmonary veins, potentially causing symptoms.

The most common cause of mitral valve stenosis is rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can follow a strep throat infection, especially in childhood. Other less common causes include calcification of the valve, congenital abnormalities, and radiation therapy to the chest.

Symptoms of mitral valve stenosis may not appear until the condition is moderate to severe. Early symptoms can include shortness of breath, particularly during physical activity, fatigue, and palpitations. As the condition progresses, fluid can back up into the lungs, leading to more severe shortness of breath, coughing, and even coughing up blood. Some individuals may also experience chest pain, dizziness, or fainting.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for characteristic heart murmurs with a stethoscope, and imaging tests such as an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart and can assess the severity of the stenosis. Other tests like an electrocardiogram (ECG) or a chest X-ray may also be used.

Treatment for mitral valve stenosis depends on the severity of the narrowing and the presence of symptoms. Mild cases may not require immediate intervention and can be managed with medication to control symptoms and prevent complications like atrial fibrillation. Moderate to severe cases often require intervention to open or replace the mitral valve. Procedures like balloon valvuloplasty, where a balloon is used to widen the valve, or surgical valve repair or replacement may be performed.