mitotán

Mitotane is a medication used to treat a specific type of adrenal gland cancer called adrenocortical carcinoma. It is also sometimes used to manage Cushing's syndrome, a condition caused by the adrenal glands producing too much cortisol, when surgery is not an option. Mitotane works by suppressing the function of the adrenal glands, reducing the production of hormones like cortisol and androgens. This action helps to control the symptoms associated with the cancer or Cushing's syndrome.

The drug is typically administered orally. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the individual patient's condition and response. Mitotane can have significant side effects, which is why it is usually prescribed and monitored by a specialist. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neurological effects like lethargy, dizziness, and confusion can also occur. Skin rashes and adrenal insufficiency, where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, are also possible. Due to its impact on hormone production, patients on mitotane often require hormone replacement therapy.

Mitotane is classified as a cytotoxic agent, meaning it can kill cells. Its exact mechanism of action in treating adrenocortical carcinoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve damaging the cells of the adrenal cortex. The effectiveness of mitotane varies, and it is not considered a cure for adrenocortical carcinoma, but rather a treatment to control the disease and improve quality of life for some patients. Close monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential throughout the course of treatment to manage side effects and assess efficacy.