mithuna

Mithuna is a term used in Indian astronomy and Jyotisha to denote the zodiac sign Gemini. The Sanskrit word mithuna derives from mithu, meaning "paired" or "double," reflecting the symbol of twins. In Hindu astrology, Mithuna (Gemini) is the third sign of the zodiac and is typically associated with the air element. Its planetary ruler in most Jyotisha traditions is Mercury (Budha). The sign is said to encompass traits such as curiosity, adaptability, communication, wit, and sociability, with a focus on intellect and versatility. People born under Mithuna are thought to be versatile, quick-witted, and inclined to changeable circumstances, though sometimes indecisive or prone to overthinking.

In Western astrology, Gemini is the tropical zodiac sign spanning roughly May 21 to June 21; in Indian sidereal astrology, the dates shift somewhat throughout the year, depending on the ayanamsa used. Mithuna is associated with the symbol of twins, and in Hindu art and literature the term is sometimes used more broadly to signify conjunction or union.

The word mithuna also appears in the context of Indian temple art, where mithuna figures depict male-female partnerships as symbolic representations of creative and cosmic energies. Such depictions are especially noted in medieval temples across the Indian subcontinent.

See also Gemini; Jyotisha; Mithuna Lagna; Mithuna symbolism.