miljöbedömningsdirektiv

Miljöbedömning is the process used in Sweden to identify and evaluate the environmental effects of plans, programs, and projects before decisions are made. It encompasses two main forms: strategic environmental assessment (Strategisk miljöbedömning, SMB) for plans and programs, and the environmental impact assessment (miljökonsekvensbeskrivning, MKB) for individual projects under the Environmental Code (Miljöbalken). The aim is to help authorities and the public understand potential impacts and to explore alternatives and mitigation measures.

In the SMB process, authorities assess whether a plan or program may have significant environmental effects and, if so, integrate the assessment into the planning process. The MKB is a detailed document outlining anticipated effects on factors such as biodiversity, water, soil, air, climate, cultural heritage, landscape, noise, health, and socioeconomics, including cumulative and transboundary effects, and proposed mitigation and monitoring measures. Both processes emphasize public participation and transparent decision-making.

Legal basis includes the Environmental Code, the Planning and Building Act, and EU directives on EIA and SEA. Responsible bodies include municipalities, county administrative boards, and sectoral agencies in consultation with Naturvårdsverket (the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency). The outcome is used to inform permit decisions, plan adoption, and conditions to minimize adverse effects.

Common project types prompting evaluation include infrastructure projects, energy facilities, housing developments, and large waste or industrial installations.