miary

Miary is the Polish plural of miara and denotes measures, gauges, or standards used to determine size, amount, or quality. The term covers physical quantities, abstract indicators, and the actions or steps taken to achieve a goal—often translated into English as measures or metrics depending on context.

In everyday life, miary refer to units of measurement and the tools used to obtain them. Examples include physical miary such as length, mass, and volume, with units from the metric system (meter, kilogram, liter). Measuring instruments include rulers, scales, thermometers, and measuring cups. Phrases like miary długości or miary temperatury are common in Polish.

In mathematics, miara denotes a measure: a function that assigns a non-negative size to sets in a given universe, obeying axioms such as non-negativity, null empty set, and countable additivity. The Lebesgue measure is a standard example; on groups, Haar measure is used.

In public policy and governance, miary are the actions or steps designed to achieve objectives, such as safety measures, fiscal measures, or environmental measures. In this sense, they are similar to środek or instrumenty, though miary emphasizes standards and regulatory dimensions.

Etymology traces to miara, with cognates in other Slavic languages and connections to the act of measuring. See also: miara, system miar i wag, miara Lebesgue’a, miara Haar.