miR156

miR156 is a microRNA found in plants. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. miR156 is highly conserved across a wide range of plant species, suggesting its fundamental importance in plant development and physiology. It primarily functions by binding to complementary sequences in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of target genes, leading to either the degradation of the mRNA or the inhibition of its translation into protein.

A key role of miR156 is in regulating vegetative phase change, the developmental transition from juvenile to adult growth phases. It targets transcription factors that promote juvenile traits, and as miR156 levels decrease with age, these targets are derepressed, allowing the plant to enter its adult phase and initiate reproductive development. This process is critical for flowering and seed production.

Beyond phase change, miR156 is also implicated in a variety of other developmental processes, including leaf development, flowering time, and stress responses. Its expression patterns can be influenced by environmental factors, highlighting its involvement in mediating plant adaptation. Due to its central role in development, miR156 has become a significant research target for understanding plant biology and for potential applications in crop improvement.