metyylinitritin

Methyl nitrite (chemical formula CH₃ONO) is a volatile organic compound belonging to the class of nitrites, which are organic derivatives of nitrous acid. It is a colorless liquid with a faint, sweetish odor, often described as similar to ether or sweet almonds, though it can also have an unpleasant, pungent smell at higher concentrations. Methyl nitrite is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds. It is also employed in the production of certain dyes and as a reagent in laboratory settings.

The compound is highly flammable and can decompose explosively upon exposure to heat, sparks, or strong oxidizing agents. Methyl nitrite is known to be toxic, with potential health risks including irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Inhalation of its vapors may cause dizziness, headaches, or even unconsciousness due to its depressant effects on the central nervous system. Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to more severe health effects, including damage to the liver and kidneys.

Due to its psychoactive properties, methyl nitrite has been misused recreationally, particularly in the past, though it is no longer commonly abused today. It was sometimes referred to as "laughing gas" in early 20th-century slang, though this term is more accurately associated with nitrous oxide (N₂O). The compound is regulated in many countries due to its hazardous nature, and its production, storage, and handling are subject to strict safety protocols.

In industrial applications, methyl nitrite is typically synthesized through the nitrosation of methanol using nitrous acid or related reagents. Its use has declined in recent decades due to the development of safer and more stable alternatives in organic synthesis. Proper ventilation, protective equipment, and controlled conditions are essential when working with methyl nitrite to minimize risks.