metylformate

Methyl formate, also called methanol formate or formic acid methyl ester, is an organic ester with the chemical formula C2H4O2. It is the methyl ester of formic acid and is used primarily as a solvent and industrial chemical. Its synonyms include methyl formate and formic acid methyl ester.

Production and synthesis methods include esterification of formic acid with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and industrial routes that combine methanol with carbon monoxide (carbonylation) to form methyl formate. It can also be generated as an intermediate in other chemical processes involving formate esters.

Physically, methyl formate is a colorless, highly flammable compound with a characteristic fruity odor. It is a volatile substance and readily evaporates at room temperature. It is miscible with many organic solvents and has limited solubility in water. Because of its volatility and flammability, it requires appropriate handling and ventilation in industrial settings.

Uses of methyl formate center on its role as a solvent for coatings, resins, dyes, and cleaning formulations. It also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other formate esters and related chemicals. In some contexts, it is used in laboratory settings as a reactive methylating or formylating agent, depending on the specific reaction. Its properties make it suitable for use where a low-boiling, fast-drying solvent is advantageous.

Safety and handling considerations include its flammability and potential health hazards from inhalation or skin contact. It can hydrolyze in the presence of water to give formic acid and methanol. Appropriate storage in moisture-controlled, well-ventilated conditions and adherence to regulatory guidelines are essential.