meticillinresistant

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, commonly known as MRSA, is a type of bacteria that has developed resistance to several antibiotics, most notably methicillin. It is a significant public health concern worldwide. MRSA can cause a range of infections, from minor skin irritations like boils and abscesses to more severe and life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and bone infections.

The resistance in MRSA strains is primarily due to the acquisition of a gene called mecA. This gene allows the bacteria to produce an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) that does not bind effectively to beta-lactam antibiotics like methicillin, oxacillin, and penicillin. Consequently, these antibiotics are unable to inhibit the bacterial cell wall synthesis, rendering them ineffective.

MRSA is spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or through person-to-person contact, particularly in healthcare settings where vulnerable individuals are present. Prevention strategies include stringent hand hygiene practices, proper wound care, and environmental cleaning. Treatment of MRSA infections typically involves antibiotics that are not affected by the mecA gene, such as vancomycin or clindamycin, though the choice of antibiotic depends on the severity and location of the infection. Ongoing research focuses on developing new drugs and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.