metallictasting

Metallic tasting, also known as dysgeusia, is an abnormal perception of taste characterized by a persistent or transient metallic, bitter, or sour flavor in the mouth. It can accompany food or occur independently and may affect appetite and enjoyment of meals. The sensation can be temporary, lasting minutes to days, or long-standing in chronic conditions.

Common causes include medications such as antibiotics (for example metronidazole and tetracyclines), antihypertensives, antidepressants, and chemotherapy; supplements such as zinc or copper; exposure to metals through dental restorations or environmental contact; and medical conditions such as upper respiratory infections, sinusitis, COVID-19, pregnancy, kidney or liver disease, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies (notably zinc and vitamin B12), and poor dental hygiene or metal fillings.

Pathophysiology of metallic tasting is not fully understood but is thought to involve changes in saliva composition or flow, direct effects of drugs on taste receptor cells, and interference from metal ions on taste signaling. Zinc deficiency can impair taste bud function, while systemic illnesses and infections may alter sensory perception and olfactory input that contributes to flavor.

Diagnosis typically relies on history and physical examination, including a review of medications and dental health. If the symptom persists, tests may assess zinc and other nutrient levels, liver and kidney function, and pregnancy status. Additional evaluation by an ENT specialist or dentist may be warranted for chronic or unclear cases.

Management targets the underlying cause. This may involve changing or stopping certain medications under medical supervision, treating infections, correcting nutritional deficiencies, and improving oral health. Symptomatic measures include good oral hygiene, hydration, and avoiding potential metal exposures. Prognosis varies; many cases improve with treatment of the underlying issue.