mesotympanum

The mesotympanum refers to the middle portion of the tympanic cavity, the air-filled space in the temporal bone of the skull that houses the ossicles of the middle ear. It is the largest and most central part of this cavity, situated between the epitympanum (attic) superiorly and the hypotympanum inferiorly. The mesotympanum is bounded anteriorly by the inner wall of the middle ear, which contains the oval window (vestibule) and the round window (cochlea). The posterior wall of the mesotympanum features the facial nerve canal.

This region of the tympanic cavity plays a crucial role in the process of hearing. The vibrations of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) are transmitted through the malleus, incus, and stapes, which are located within the mesotympanum. The stapes, in particular, articulates with the oval window, transferring these vibrations to the fluid-filled inner ear. The overall shape and volume of the mesotympanum are important for efficient sound conduction. Anatomical variations in its size and configuration can sometimes contribute to hearing loss. Pathological processes, such as infections or tumors, can also affect this part of the middle ear.