mesenterica

Mesenterica is a Latin adjective meaning "of the mesentery." It is used in anatomical terms such as arteries and veins (for example, arteria mesenterica superior and arteria mesenterica inferior) and in reference to the mesenteric plexus. The stem mesenterium denotes the peritoneal fold that connects the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.

The mesentery itself is a continuous double layer of peritoneum that suspends the small and large intestines and serves as a conduit for blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and fat. Historically viewed as a simple fold, it is increasingly described as a distinct, ongoing organ with a defined architecture that supports gut function and immune surveillance.

Major mesenteric arteries arise from the abdominal aorta. The superior mesenteric artery supplies most of the midgut, including the small intestine and part of the large intestine; the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the distal portion of the large intestine. Branches form an anastomotic network to nourish the gut.

Venous counterparts accompany these vessels. The superior mesenteric vein drains the same territory and typically joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein, while the inferior mesenteric vein often drains into the splenic vein. Mesenteric lymphatics drain to regional nodes; nerves follow vessels to innervate the gut.

Pathologies involving mesenteric vessels, such as mesenteric ischemia, affect intestinal blood flow and can be acute or chronic. Imaging and vascular interventions aim to restore perfusion and preserve bowel viability.