melléknév

Melléknév is a part of speech in Hungarian that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, expressing properties, qualities, or states such as color, size, origin, material, or judgment. It can function as an attributive modifier before the noun (for example, piros autó, nagy ház) or as a predicative complement after a linking verb, as in A szoba nagy. In general, melléknevek in Hungarian do not carry standalone case endings; the noun they modify carries any necessary inflection.

Form and agreement: Hungarian adjectives are typically invariable in form with respect to case and gender, and they usually appear immediately before the noun they modify. When used in predicative position, they remain in their base form, as in A ruha szép. Some adjectives can be used with more than one noun in a phrase, often coordinated with other adjectives using a sequence such as nagy, régi, szép.

Fokozás: Adjectives participate in the degrees of comparison. The comparative is formed with suffixes like -abb/-ebb (nagy → nagyobb), and the superlative with leg- as in legnagyobb. Irregular forms exist, such as jó → jobb → legjobb and rossz → rosszabb → legrosszabb. Certain adjectives may form comparative constructions in less regular ways, depending on usage and nuance.

Melléknévi igenév: A subset of adjectives derived from verbs, known as participial adjectives, functions like ordinary adjectives (például írt levél, olvasott könyv). They modify nouns attributively and can occur in predicate position, showing properties connected to the corresponding verb.

Összegzés: Melléknév in Hungarian conveys descriptive content about nouns, with straightforward placement before the noun, limited inflection, and full participation in degree of comparison and, for participial types, in participial derivation.

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