melanotsüüt

Melanotsüüt is a cell responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to skin, hair, and eyes. These cells are found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, as well as in the hair follicles and the iris of the eye. Melanocytes play a crucial role in protecting the body from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

The process of melanin production is called melanogenesis. Within melanocytes, specialized organelles called melanosomes are responsible for synthesizing and storing melanin. There are two main types of melanin: eumelanin, which is brown or black, and pheomelanin, which is red or yellow. The relative amounts and types of these pigments determine an individual's skin, hair, and eye color.

Melanocytes originate from neural crest cells during embryonic development. Their distribution and activity can be influenced by genetic factors, hormones, and environmental stimuli like UV exposure. When skin is exposed to sunlight, melanocytes increase melanin production, leading to tanning as a protective response.

Disruptions in melanocyte function can lead to various pigmentation disorders. For example, a lack of melanocytes or melanin production results in albinism. Conversely, an overproduction or accumulation of melanin can cause conditions like melasma or lentigines. Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, arises from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes.