melamiin

Melamine, also spelled melamin in some languages, is an organic compound with the formula C3H6N6. It is a white, odorless crystalline solid based on a 1,3,5-triazine ring bearing three amino groups. Melamine has a high nitrogen content—about 66% by mass—and is relatively thermally stable, which makes it useful in high-temperature processing.

Industrial production occurs by condensation of urea under high temperature and pressure, often with catalysts, to yield melamine with byproducts removed during purification. Melamine is sparingly soluble in water but can be dissolved in certain acids and organic solvents. It readily reacts with formaldehyde to form melamine-formaldehyde resins, which are hard, heat-resistant polymers widely used in manufacturing.

Primary uses of melamine are in the production of melamine-formaldehyde resins for laminates, molded plastics, coatings, and adhesives. These resins are common in high-pressure laminates, kitchenware made from melamine resin, countertops, laminates for furniture, and durable coatings. Melamine is also used in some flame-retardant formulations and in papers and textiles as a filler or additive.

Health and safety: In pure form, melamine has relatively low acute toxicity, but ingestion of significant amounts can cause kidney damage and stones. The 2007–2008 melamine contamination incidents in infant formula highlighted the health risks associated with adulteration and led to tighter limits on melamine in foods and in materials that contact food. Many jurisdictions regulate melamine migration from plastics into food and prohibit deliberate addition of melamine to foods.