mastosolujen

Mast cells are a type of white blood cell found in connective tissues throughout the body. They are a crucial component of the immune system, particularly in the body's defense against parasites and in mediating allergic reactions. Mast cells originate in the bone marrow and mature in various tissues, including the skin, lungs, and digestive tract.

These cells are characterized by their cytoplasm, which is densely packed with granules. These granules contain a variety of potent bioactive mediators, including histamine, heparin, proteases, and cytokines. When mast cells are activated, typically by the binding of an antigen to IgE antibodies on their surface, they release these mediators in a process called degranulation.

Histamine, a primary mediator, causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to symptoms like redness, swelling, and itching. Heparin is an anticoagulant. Other mediators contribute to inflammation, attract other immune cells, and can play roles in wound healing and tissue remodeling. While essential for defense, the overactivity of mast cells can lead to significant allergic diseases such as asthma, anaphylaxis, and urticaria. Research continues to explore their complex roles in both health and disease.