massaspektrometrrian

Mass spectrometry, often abbreviated as MS, is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions, providing detailed information about the chemical composition and structure of samples. The method is widely employed in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, physics, and materials science for applications ranging from drug discovery to environmental monitoring.

The process begins with ionization, where sample molecules are converted into charged particles, typically through methods like electron ionization (EI), electrospray ionization (ESI), or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). These ions are then accelerated and deflected by electric and magnetic fields in a vacuum chamber. The degree of deflection depends on the mass-to-charge ratio, allowing for separation and detection of individual ions.

Modern mass spectrometers incorporate various components, including ion sources, mass analyzers (such as quadrupole, time-of-flight, or Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance systems), and detectors. Data is typically presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of ion intensity versus m/z, which can be analyzed to identify unknown compounds or quantify known substances.

Mass spectrometry offers high sensitivity, precision, and the ability to analyze complex mixtures without prior separation. It is often coupled with techniques like chromatography (LC-MS) to enhance resolution. Advances in instrumentation and computational methods have expanded its applications, including proteomics, metabolomics, and forensic analysis. The technique remains a cornerstone of modern analytical science due to its versatility and power in elucidating molecular structures.