marinebiogeography

Marine biogeography is the scientific study of the geographic distribution of marine organisms and the historical and ecological factors that shape these patterns. It seeks to understand why different species live where they do in the world's oceans, from shallow coastal waters to the deepest trenches. This field examines the spatial patterns of marine biodiversity, identifying distinct biogeographic regions, provinces, and zones.

Key factors influencing marine biogeographic distributions include ocean currents, temperature, salinity, nutrient availability, depth, substrate type, and geological history. Evolutionary processes, such as speciation and extinction, also play a crucial role in shaping present-day distributions. Marine biogeographers often analyze data from fossils, genetic studies, and direct observations of marine life.

The discipline is vital for conservation efforts, helping to identify areas of high biodiversity, understand the impacts of climate change on species ranges, and manage marine resources sustainably. It contributes to our understanding of marine ecosystem functioning and the interconnectedness of marine life across the globe.