malnutrisiooni

Malnutrisiooni, often translated as malnutrition, refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of energy and/or nutrients. It encompasses both undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition includes being underweight for one's age, too short for one's age (stunting), and too thin for one's height (wasting). It also includes micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies. Overnutrition refers to being overweight, obese, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some types of cancer.

The causes of malnutrition are complex and multifaceted, often involving a combination of inadequate dietary intake, poor health services, and insufficient sanitation and hygiene. Poverty is a significant underlying factor, limiting access to nutritious food, healthcare, and clean water. Food insecurity, where individuals lack consistent access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives, is also a major contributor. Certain life stages, such as infancy, childhood, pregnancy, and old age, are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of malnutrition.

The consequences of malnutrition can be severe and long-lasting. Undernutrition, especially in early childhood, can lead to impaired cognitive development, increased susceptibility to infections, and higher rates of mortality. It can also affect physical growth and productivity in adulthood. Overnutrition, on the other hand, contributes to a growing global burden of noncommunicable diseases, leading to premature death and disability. Addressing malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach involving improved nutrition policies, access to healthy diets, effective healthcare, and public health interventions.