maksimal

Maksimal is a term used in Indonesian and Malay to express the greatest extent, degree, or limit. It functions as an adjective and as an adverb meaning “to the greatest possible extent” or “at most.” In everyday language it appears in expressions such as kecepatan maksimal (maximum speed), jumlah maksimal (maximum number), and waktu maksimal (maximum time). It can also be used adjectivally to describe the extent of something, for example, nilai maksimal (maximum value). As an adverb, it can indicate an upper bound: Batas waktu maksimal satu jam.

The word is a loanword from the English maximum, incorporated into Indonesian and Malay, often alongside the related noun maksimum. The derived adjective maksimal is formed with the suffix -al, yielding verbs such as memaksimalkan (to maximize) and nouns such as maksimalisasi (maximalization).

In mathematics and logic, maksimal has a technical meaning: a maximal element is one that is not smaller than any other element in a given direction, but not necessarily the overall greatest element; the term maksimum refers to the absolute greatest value of a function or set. Distinctions between maximal and maximum are taught in curricula that translate these concepts into Indonesian.

In Malay, maksimal carries a similar sense, though the noun maksimum is common for explicit numerical limits, and regional usage may vary. Overall, maksimal is a widely understood term for describing upper bounds, degrees of extent, and optimization in both everyday and technical contexts.