magnésium

Magnésium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is the ninth most abundant element in the universe by mass and the third most abundant metal. Magnesium is a shiny gray metal that is relatively lightweight and has a low density compared to other metals.

The element was first isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy through the electrolysis of magnesia (magnesium oxide). In its pure form, magnesium is highly reactive and burns with a bright white flame. It is an essential component of many minerals and compounds.

Magnesium has numerous industrial applications, including as an alloying agent in aluminum and zinc to improve their properties, in the production of lightweight structural components for aerospace and automotive industries, and as a reducing agent in chemical processes.

Biologically, magnesium is crucial for all known life forms. It is the second most abundant mineral in the human body and plays vital roles in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including DNA and protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, and energy metabolism. It is also a key component of chlorophyll in plants.

Magnesium is obtained from minerals such as dolomite, carnallite, and magnesite through mining and processing. The primary method of extraction is electrolysis of magnesium chloride from seawater or brine sources.