macroeconômica

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an economy as a whole. It focuses on aggregate demand and aggregate supply, and the factors that influence them. Macroeconomic analysis seeks to understand how various economic phenomena such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and international trade affect the overall economy.

Key concepts in macroeconomics include gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country, and inflation, which is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Unemployment, another central concern, refers to the percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment. Economic growth is the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over time, typically measured by the annual percentage increase in real GDP.

Macroeconomists examine fiscal policy, which involves the government's use of spending and taxation to influence the economy, and monetary policy, which is conducted by central banks and involves managing the money supply and interest rates to influence economic activity. The goal of these policies is often to stabilize the economy, reduce unemployment, control inflation, and promote sustainable growth. International trade and exchange rates are also crucial components of macroeconomic study, as they impact a nation's balance of payments and overall economic well-being.