maaperäkerroksesta

Maaperäkerros, or soil horizon, refers to a distinct layer within a soil profile, exhibiting specific physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. These layers are formed over time through various soil-forming processes such as weathering, decomposition, and translocation of materials. The study and identification of these layers are crucial for understanding soil development, fertility, and its suitability for different land uses.

The uppermost layer is typically the O horizon, composed of organic matter in various stages of decomposition, such as leaf litter and decaying plant and animal material. Beneath this lies the A horizon, often called topsoil, which is a mixture of mineral particles and organic matter. This layer is generally dark in color and is the most biologically active part of the soil. Below the A horizon is the E horizon, an eluviation layer where minerals and organic matter have been leached out. The B horizon, or subsoil, accumulates these leached materials and is often characterized by a different color and texture. Finally, the C horizon consists of partially weathered parent material, and the R horizon, if present, is the unweathered bedrock. The specific sequence and characteristics of these horizons define a soil's type and its properties.