müeliiti

Myelitis is a general term for inflammation of the spinal cord. It can affect the central nervous system and cause a range of symptoms, including weakness, numbness, and paralysis. The inflammation can damage the myelin sheath, a protective covering around nerve fibers, which disrupts nerve signals.

There are various causes of myelitis. Infections, such as those caused by viruses (like West Nile virus or enteroviruses), bacteria, or fungi, can trigger an inflammatory response in the spinal cord. Autoimmune conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, are also a common cause. Examples include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and transverse myelitis, which is a specific type of myelitis affecting a segment of the spinal cord. Other potential causes include certain vaccinations or exposure to toxins.

The symptoms of myelitis can develop suddenly or gradually and depend on the location and severity of the inflammation. Common signs include back pain, sensory disturbances like tingling or numbness, muscle weakness, and problems with bowel or bladder control. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis.

Diagnosis typically involves a neurological examination, imaging tests like MRI scans to visualize the spinal cord, and laboratory tests to identify potential causes such as infections or antibodies. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and address the underlying cause if identified. This may involve corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or antiviral/antibiotic medications. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are often crucial for recovery. The prognosis varies widely depending on the cause and extent of the damage.