mõõduga

Mõõduga is an Estonian grammatical form derived from the noun mõõt, meaning “measure.” It is formed with the instrumental suffix -ga, producing a phrase that translates roughly as “with a measure” or “by measure.” The form functions as an adverbial or instrumental expression showing the instrument, means, or extent associated with a measurement. In practice, mõõduga is most often encountered in formal or technical language, including scientific, mathematical, and administrative texts, where it helps to articulate relations to a specified measure or scale. It is not a standalone lexeme but a morphological construction used to express measurement-related relations.

In everyday Estonian, speakers more commonly use explicit nouns and adjectives or rephrase to avoid this construction. The use of mõõduga tends to be restricted to precise, sometimes abstract contexts, such as descriptions of experiments, statistics, or formal descriptions of sizes and ranges.

Etymology and form: from mõõt “measure” plus the instrumental suffix -ga; the construction parallels other comitative/instrumental formations in Estonian. See also Estonian grammar, comitative/instrumental -ga, and related vocabulary for terms about measurement.