lýsingarsetningum

Lýsingarsetningum are subordinate clauses in Icelandic that modify a noun or pronoun. They function similarly to adjectives in English, providing additional descriptive information about the noun or pronoun they are attached to. These clauses typically begin with a relative pronoun such as "sem" (who, which, that), "er" (who, which, that), or "hver" (who, which, that), depending on the grammatical case and gender of the noun they refer to.

The purpose of a lýsingarsetning is to clarify or specify the noun it modifies. For example, in the sentence "Maðurinn sem stóð þar var gamall" (The man who stood there was old), the clause "sem stóð þar" is a lýsingarsetning that describes "maðurinn" (the man). Without this clause, we would only know that a man was old, but not which man.

These clauses can be restrictive or non-restrictive. Restrictive lýsingarsetningum are essential to the meaning of the sentence and are not set off by commas. Non-restrictive lýsingarsetningum provide extra information that is not essential and are set off by commas. Understanding lýsingarsetningum is crucial for comprehending and constructing complex sentences in Icelandic, as they are a common feature of the language. They add depth and detail, allowing for more precise communication.