lávafolyásokkal

lávafolyások, often referred to as lava flows, are the streams or rivers of molten rock that emerge from volcanic vents or fissures during eruptions. As the magma ascends, it encounters decreasing pressure and temperature, causing it to partially melt and solidify as it cools near the surface. The resulting flows can vary greatly in viscosity, flow rate, and morphology, ranging from fluid and extensive pahoehoe surfaces to thicker and more fragmented aa flows.

The composition of the underlying magma, typically basaltic, and tectonic setting influence lava flow characteristics. Oceanic island arcs such as the Hawaiian archipelago produce prolific and slow-moving basaltic flows, while rift zones like the East African Rift generate more rapid, viscous eruptions. Lava tubes, natural conduits formed when the surface solidifies while molten magma continues to move beneath, are a common feature in many basaltic flows and can extend for kilometers.

Notable global examples include the 2018 Kīlauea eruption, which produced miles of fresh basaltic flow, and the historic 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée in Martinique, where fast-moving and highly lava-flows contributed to the destruction of the city of Saint-Pierre. Lava flows influence local ecosystems by creating new land, altering drainage patterns, and occasionally providing nutrient-rich soils for pioneer plant communities. From an energy perspective, geothermal plants often tap into the heat produced by these flows and the volcanic systems that generate them.