látóidegfejen

Látóidegfejen is a Hungarian term that translates to "optic disc" or "optic nerve head" in English. It refers to the anatomical region where the optic nerve fibers exit the retina and enter the brain. This area is characterized by the absence of photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), making it insensitive to light and thus creating a natural blind spot in our visual field.

Histologically, the optic disc is a circular or oval structure, typically about 1.5 mm in diameter. It is the site of entry for the central retinal artery and the exit for the central retinal vein, which branch out to supply and drain blood from the retina. The optic disc is also where the glial cells of the optic nerve merge with the Müller cells of the retina.

Clinically, the optic disc is a crucial area for ophthalmological examination. Its appearance can reveal important information about the health of the eye and the optic nerve. Swelling of the optic disc, known as papilledema, can indicate increased intracranial pressure or other neurological conditions. Conversely, pallor or cupping of the optic disc can be signs of glaucoma or optic atrophy. The precise assessment of the optic disc's morphology is a fundamental part of diagnosing and monitoring various eye diseases.