lungtuberkulos

Lung tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily affects the lungs, it can also spread to other parts of the body. The bacteria are spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Most people infected with TB bacteria do not become ill immediately, but the bacteria can remain dormant in the body. This is known as latent TB infection.

Symptoms of active pulmonary TB include a persistent cough, sometimes with blood or phlegm, chest pain, fever, chills, and night sweats. Unexplained weight loss and fatigue are also common. Diagnosis typically involves a chest X-ray, sputum tests, and skin or blood tests.

Treatment for TB involves a course of antibiotics, usually for several months. It is crucial to complete the entire course of medication to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB. Prevention strategies include vaccination with the BCG vaccine, particularly in countries with high TB prevalence, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals to reduce transmission. Public health initiatives focus on raising awareness, improving access to healthcare, and addressing social determinants that contribute to the spread of TB.