lubrikante

Lubrikante, or lubricant, is a substance introduced between moving surfaces to reduce friction and wear. By forming a lubricating film, it lowers heat, protects against surface damage, and can aid sealing and corrosion resistance. Selection depends on operating temperature and speed, load, material compatibility, and environmental conditions.

Lubricants are classified by state and chemistry. Liquid lubricants include mineral oils, synthetic oils (such as polyalphaolefins and esters), and bio-based oils; greases combine oil with a thickener. Solid lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide function in extreme conditions. Additives provide anti-wear, corrosion inhibition, detergency, and viscosity modification. Key properties include viscosity, pour point, and flash point.

Common applications include automotive engines and transmissions, bearings and gears, hydraulics, metalworking, and consumer tools. There are also specialized lubricants for non-industrial needs, including products designed for intimate use; these are formulated to be safe for mucous membranes and typically differ from industrial lubricants in composition and labeling.

Safety and environmental considerations cover handling, storage, and disposal. Many lubricants are flammable or toxic if misused. Spills require cleanup and containment. Environmental impact is addressed through biodegradability and aquatic toxicity concerns. Standards and certifications, such as ISO and ASTM, govern testing, performance, and labeling.